The Pope

 

The  figure of the Pope in tarots didn't undergo a radical transformation from the first known examples: the attributes of the tiara on the head and the crosier held in one hand, alternated with the sacred book or the keys that indicate descent from St. Peter, will be fixed in the iconological versions of this triumph together with the blessing stance.
In the Charles VI Tarots (figure 1) the Pope sits in a high position holding a book and keys in his hand, which can also be found in the Mantegna Tarots (figure 2), while there are two cardinals at his side, according to an iconographic model which became an almost static prototype. We should remember also  the fresco of  Sixtus IV on the throne by Melozzo in which the Pope is near the apostolic proto - notary Raffaele Riario and the cardinal nephew Giuliano della Rovere (Vatican Picture Gallery).
In the Visconti Sforza Tarots a blessing Pope appears with the cross in his left hand (figure 3), while with the pastoral variant with the crosier appears in the XVII century Vieville Tarot cards, represented together with two cardinals on their knees in front of him (figure 4).
The images described are reoccur a great deal in a lot of hagiographic iconography of Popes and Saints, in the 1493 Liber Chronicarum (figure 5) for instance, where the Pope is represented sitting on a throne with the book and the crosier, while St. Nicolas blessing appears with the pastoral in his hand in a miniature of the XV century (figure 6 - I, B51, c.324v, National Library “Vittorio Emanuele III”, Naples), and there are many other examples.
In the Parisian Tarot by anonymous from the beginning of the XVII century the Pope is holding huge  keys and a long bar, an element of great symbolic interest. A live Sphinx, as big as a dog, upright on its anterior legs appears at the Pontiff’s feet, (figure 7). The Sphinx, a solar divinity, was considered by the ancient Egyptians a symbol of sovereignty, wisdom, and of divine strength. Transmigrated to Crete, Cyprus and in the Phoenicia it became a symbol of the unity of the Truth and the absolute.
Referring to the "Acuteness of Talent" Ripa wrote: “La Sfinge (come narra Piero Valeriano nel lib. vj. sotto la punta della zagaglia di Pallade, si come si vedeva in quella statua di Minerva, che Plinio dice d’esser anticamente stata drizzata in Atene) ci può significare l’Acutezza dell’ingegno, percioche non è al mondo cosa sì coperta, e tanto nascosta, che l’acutezza dell’humano ingegno scoprire, e divulgare non possa…” (The Sphinx - as Peter Valeriano narrates in the book vj. - under the point of the Athena javelin, as in that statue of Minerva, which  Plinio says was erected in Athens in ancient time) can mean the acuteness of talent, since there is nothing else in the world so covered, and hidden, than the acuteness of the human talent to discover, and not be able to divulge..). (Iconology, 1669, page 7). And still speaking about the Wagon of Minerva, goddess of Wisdom, he writes that “she wear a beaver with a sphinx on it” to mean “that wisdom resolves every ambiguity” (Cesare Ripa, quoted work, pages 78-79). The presence of the Sphinx in the card of the deck described above symbolically expresses the wisdom of the Pope, the divine strength that resides in him and that drives him in any decision, as well as being the terrestrial incarnation of the revealed Truth. The position of the Sphinx that is not resting, stays straight on its front legs, denoting that its attention, and therefore that of the Pope, is vigilant and ready to reveal, at any moment and wherever necessary, its  wisdom.
A lot has been discussed about the presence in tarots of images of Popes with or without a beard, trying to determine which real characters were represented in the cards. Even though such work seems to be meritorious, the beard, rather than being understood as a precise realistic reference of a portrait, should be interpreted as an aspect of wisdom, because wise people were always represented with this natural ornament due to the advanced age, a period to which such intellectual dowry was attributed.
Among the attributes of the Popes that we find in tarots, the papal tiara or triregno (in Latin triregnum) represents the extra-liturgical headgear that every Pope wore during the crowning ceremony  from Clement V (1305) to Pope Paul VI (1963), who then suspended  its use, replacing it with the mitre.
With regards to the symbolism of the three crowns of the triregno it is possible to highlight some interpretations, since their precise meaning is not yet certain. They could symbolise the triple power of the Pope since he is “father of princes and  kings, rector of the world, Christ’s vicar on earth.”
In fact, during the crowning of the Pope it was once usual to pronounce the following words:
“Accipe thiaram tribus coronis ornatam, et scias te esse Patrem Principum et Regum, Rectorem Orbis, in terra Vicarium Salvatoris Nostri Jesu Christi, cui est honor et gloria in sæcula sæculorum”
(Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns, and know that you are the Father of the Princes and  Kings, the Rector of the World and the Vicar of Our Lord Jesus Christ on the earth, the only one  to which honour and glory are due in the centuries of the centuries).
A further hypothesis connects them to the triple authority of the Pope: “Universal shepherd, ecclesiastical jurisdiction and terrestrial power”, while John Paul II in his discourse at the beginning of his pontificate associated them with  the triple mission of Christ, as “Priest, Prophet-teacher, King”. But they could also represent the “Militant Church on earth”, the “purgative Church after death and before Heaven” and the “triumphant Church in the eternal reward”. And the interpretations don't end here.
The book that the Pope holds in his hand is the Sacred Book of the Christian faith, the Bible (Old and New Testament) that contains the Truths divinely revealed. It also appears in the hands of numerous saints and especially in those of Christ (figure 8 - Icon, VI century, Monastery of S. Catherine of Sinai).